Mount Kelud, East Java

Kelud is a volcano in East Java province, Indonesia, which is still active. The mountain is located on the border between Kediri and Blitar, about 27 km east of Karachi city center.

This mountain has erupted repeatedly, both large and small scale. Even the eruption has been started since the 15th century. Eruption that claimed at least 15,000 people.

This volcanic eruption in 1586 claimed the lives of more than 10,000 people. [1] A system to divert the lava flow has been made extensively in 1926 and still serves to this day after the eruption in 1919 claimed the lives of thousands of cold lava floods swept settlements population.

In the 20th century, Mount Kelut recorded eruption in 1901, 1919 (May 1 [2]), 1951, 1966, and 1990. In 2007 the mountain was again increased its activity. This pattern brings the vulcanologist 15 on an annual cycle for the eruption of this volcano.

This volcanic activity increased in late September 2007 and has been continued until November of that year, marked by increasing the temperature of the crater lake water, the increase in seismic tremor, and changes in the crater lake of a greenish color to white turbid. Status "alert" (highest) issued by the Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation since October 16, 2007 which implies the population within a radius of 10 km from the mountain (approximately 135,000 people) living on the slopes of the volcano to evacuate. However, the eruption did not occur.

Having had somewhat subsided, the activity of Mount Kelut back increase since October 30, 2007 with the rapid rise in water temperature volcanic crater lake and shallow seismicity. On 3 November 2007 at around 16:00 of the lake water temperature exceeds 74 degrees Celsius, well above the normal symptoms of the eruption of 40 degrees Celsius, causing the temperature gauge is broken. Vibration amplitude seismic tremor with large (over 35mm) lead supervisory personnel must evacuate, but again no eruption occurred.

Due to the high activity of the new terjdi unique phenomenon in the history of Kelut with the advent of white smoke from the middle of the lake followed by lava dome from the middle of the crater lake since 5 November 2007 and continues to "grow" up to 100m wide size. Experts consider this lava dome that obstruct the channel so that the magma eruption is not imminent. Energy for the eruption of the lava dome is used to drive the rest of the 1990 eruption.

Mount Krakatau (Krakatoa), West Java

Krakatoa is a volcanic island that is still active and located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. This name was never pinned on a volcanic peak there (Mount Krakatau) which vanish because of eruptions themselves on 26-27 August 1883. The eruption was so powerful; hot clouds and the resulting tsunami killed about 36,000 people. Until before the date of December 26, 2004, this is a terdahsyat tsunami in the Indian Ocean region. Explosion sound was heard up in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. Yield is estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bomb that was detonated on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.

The eruption of Krakatoa caused global climate change. The world was dark for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun shines dim until next year. Scattering dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.

The explosion of Krakatoa is actually less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Tambora in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and Mount Katmal in Alaska. However, the erupting mountains far in the human population is still very little. Meanwhile, when Krakatoa erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and submarine cable has been installed. Thus it can be said that while information technology is growing and growing rapidly.

Due to the great explosion, three-quarters of the body were destroyed leaving Ancient Krakatoa caldera (large crater) in the Sunda Strait. The sides or edges of the crater known as Rakata Island, Long Island and Island Sertung, in another record called Pulau Rakata, Rakata Island and Small Island Sertung. The explosion was allegedly responsible for the occurrence of the dark ages of the earth. Bubonic plague occurs as the temperature cools. This plague has significantly reduced the number of people on earth.

The eruption is also considered to be contributing to the expiration of the glory of ancient Persia, the transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of the civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of the Mayan city, Tikal and fall of civilizations in South America the Nazca enigmatic. Ancient Krakatoa explosion is expected to last for 10 days at an estimated speed of regurgitated mass reaches 1 million tons per second. The blast shield has formed a thick atmosphere of 20-150 meters, lowering the temperature of 5-10 degrees for 10-20 years.

On the day Monday, August 27, 1883, promptly at 10:20, an explosion on the mountain. By Simon Winchester, a geologist who graduated from the University of Oxford UK is also the author of National Geographic said that the explosion was the biggest, loudest and most devastating volcanic event in modern human history. Eruptions voice heard until 4600 km from the center of the eruption and can even be heard by a 1/8 of the population of the earth at that time.

According to researchers at the University of North Dakota, with the explosion of Krakatoa explosion of Tambora (1815) recorded a value of Volcanic explosivity index (VEI), the largest in modern history. The Guinness Book of Records noted the explosion of Krakatoa as the most powerful explosion in recorded history.

Krakatoa explosion had thrown stones, pumice and volcanic ash with a volume of 18 cubic kilometers. Bursts of dust vulkanisnya mencavai 80 km. Hard objects that flew into the air it falls on the plains of Java and Sumatra, even to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.

The eruption destroyed Danan Mountain, Mount Rakata, and Mount Perbuwatan and some where a half cone is missing, create a basin-wide and 7 km deep as 250 meters. Waves reached as high as 40 meters destroying villages and whatever is on the coast. The tsunami was caused not only because of the eruption, but also the underwater landslide.

Recorded the death toll reached 36 417 people from 295 coastal villages from Merak (Attack) to cilamaya in Karachi, the Cape west coast of Banten to display on the island of Panaitan (Ujung Kulon and southern Sumatra. In Ujungkulon, incoming flood of up to 15 km to the west. next day until a few days later, residents of Jakarta and Lampung outback no longer see the sun. Tsunami waves generated even climbing up to the coast of Hawaii, Central America and the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula seven thousand kilometers away.