Wednesday, January 11, 2012

Mount Tambora, Sumbawa

Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. The mountain is located in two districts, namely District Dompu (some distance south to the northwest side, and Bima (south side of the slope to the northwest, and feet to the top of the east to the north), West Nusa Tenggara Province, on 8 ° 15 'S and 118 ° east. mountain is located in both the north and south sides of the oceanic crust. Tambora was formed by the subduction zone beneath. This increases the height of Tambora up to 4,300 m which makes this mountain was once one of the highest peak in archipelago and drain large magma chamber inside the mountain. It took centuries to refill the magma chamber.

This volcanic activity reached its peak in April 1815 when it erupted in a scale of seven on the Volcanic explosivity index. To the eruption's largest eruption since the eruption of Lake Taupo in the year 181. The explosion was heard up to the island of Sumatra (more than 2,000 km). Volcanic ash falls in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku. The explosion was caused by the death of no fewer than 71,000 people were killed by 11000-12000 direct result of the eruption. In fact, some researchers estimate that up to 92,000 people were killed, but this figure is questionable because based on estimates that are too high. Moreover, the eruption is causing global climate change. The next year (1816) is often referred to as the Year Without a Summer because of the drastic change of weather North America and Europe because of the dust produced from the eruption of Tambora this. Due to drastic climate change is a lot of crop failure and livestock deaths in the Northern Hemisphere which led to the worst famine in the 19th century.

The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 there are on a scale of 7. That means very destructive. Explosion of Tambora Sumbawa and making the area around it in the dark. Tens of thousands of people died in the eruption, tsunami, followed later, famine and disease. Strength of the eruption of Tambora was the largest ever recorded in history. Atmospheric vent burst of heat and climate change. There was no summer in 1816 in Europe and North America - 'the year without summer'. Tambora down into the ground a few thousand feet, leaving a large crater at the summit.

According to geological investigation, a high volcanic cone was formed before the eruption in 1815 with similar characteristics to the shape of the hole reached 60 stratovolcano. The hole often emits lava flowing down regularly with a swift to steep slopes.

Since the eruption in 1815, at the very bottom there are deposits of lava and pyroclastic material. Approximately 40% of the layer is represented by 1-4 m of lava flows produced by the thin fragmentation. Scoria thin lava flows. At the top, covered by lava scoria, tuff and pyroclastic rocks that flow into down. In Mount Tambora, there are 20 craters. Some craters have a name, for example Tahe (877 m), Molo (602 m), Kadiendinae, the Dome (1648 m) and Doro Api Toi. The crater is also producing basalt lava flows.




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